1. Homeostasis is best defined as
c) a feedback system designed to maintain body systems within an optimal range while responding to environmental or external changes.
2. In times of stress, under the influence of cortisol, levels of amino acids increase in the blood. Why is this change beneficial as a response to stress?
e) The amino acids are converted to glucose by the liver, raising blood sugar, thereby providing more energy to deal with stress.
3. Which of the following describes a negative feedback reaction?
c) LH stimulates the interstitial cell to produce testosterone, which inhibits the release of LH.
4. Glucagon is produced in an organ and affects target cells that are in another part of the body. The organ of production and the location of the target cells are, respectively, which of the following?
a) pancreas and liver
5. What makes it possible for an impulse to move from one neuron to an adjacent neuron?
e) Neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal of one neuron and diffuse to the dendrites of the adjacent neuron.
6. A rapid increase in external temperature would be followed by which homeostatic adjustment in humans?
c) an increase in blood flow to the arms and an increase in perspiration.
7. After a severe cut to the skin, the production of urine temporarily decreases. This can be explained by the drop in blood pressure, which causes
c) the release of aldesterone, which increases Na+ reabsorption in the nephron, leading to increased water reabsorption.
8. Which of the following would be the result of hyper-secretion of the thyroid gland?
b) a tendency not to gain weight, a warm peripheral body temperature, and a high energy level
9. What is the function of memory T-cells?
b) remains in the bloodstream to promote a faster response if the same foreign antigen reappears.
10. In times of stress, under the influence of cortisol, levels of amino acids increase in the blood. Why is this change beneficial as a response to stress?
e) The amino acids are converted to glucose by the liver, raising blood sugar, thereby providing more energy to deal with stress.
Part B: Fill in the Blanks
1. increases, release, glucose, adjustments, regulators
2. organs, increase, constriction, reduces, retains
3. autonomic sympathetic nervous, nervous
4. brain, spinal cord
5. spinal, sensory, brain
6. wastes, blood, nephron
7. permeable, NaCl, water, upper, distal, collecting
8. incoming, outgoing
9. nerves organs central nervous
10. receptor, sensory, motor, effector
11. diffusion, nerve, loses, positive, gains, positive
12. nervous, control, organs
13. cannot, insulin
14. pituitary gland
15. hormones
16. phagocytosis
17. allergies
18. immune system
19. filtration, reabsorption, secretion
20. cellular immunity, antibody immunity
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